Recording smart phone video “selfies” of tooth-brushing can help people learn to improve their oral health care techniques, according to a new study.
While most people have the motivation, innate ability and desire to brush their teeth properly, they often do not because of they use an improper technique—and opportunities to improve such skills can be few.
“Often, tooth-brushing is learned and practiced without proper supervision,” said Lance T. Vernon, a senior instructor at the Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine and co-author of the study. “Changing tooth brushing behaviors—which are ingrained habits tied to muscle memory—can take a lot of time and guidance.
“Our study suggests that, in the future, recording selfies of brushing can help shift some of this time to technology. Later, patients could receive feedback from dental professionals,” he said.
Using smart phones propped on stands, study participants filmed their brushing using their own toothbrush at home. Researchers saw an increase in the accuracy of brush strokes, an increase in number of strokes and an overall 8 percent improvement in tooth-brushing skill—but the length of time a person brushed did not change.
While the results of this small pilot study, published in the Indian Journal of Dental Research, are promising, researchers suggest that these findings are of more importance in proving the selfie concept is useful in a dental setting.
Video and picture selfies are increasingly being used in medical fields to assess, monitor and determine the progression of diseases and effectiveness of treatment—a new area of gathering data known as mobile health, or “mHealth”—said Vernon.
“To our knowledge, this is the first report using selfies to study tooth-brushing behavior,” he said. “It’s a start at an mHealth strategy to create new habits, helping dentists and patients focus more on prevention, rather than on fixing problems once they occur—which can too often be the focus in dentistry.”
The study
Before the study, participants’ brushing habits were assessed and corrected until each were able to demonstrate proper technique. During the study, they were scored on time spent brushing and skill mastery, including brushing in a circular motion, obtaining a 45-degree angle while brushing facial surfaces of teeth and correct positioning of the arm.
The very act of recording a selfie may have disrupted ingrained habits, thus making participants conscious of their brushing and reinforced staples of behavior change, including the process of memory formation, association and creating new muscle memory.
Looking ahead, researchers envision a video-based monitoring app, which could record videos of patients brushing at home that are later reviewed by oral health professionals.
“The cost of an app could be minor, while there could, potentially, be major long-term benefits to a user’s oral health and quality of life,” Vernon said. “Dental care can be inaccessible because of cost and access. It’s possible dental selfies and other ‘mHealth’ strategies on phones can become an important part of oral health prevention and diagnosis in the future.”
Tooth-brushing helps avert preventable oral diseases, such as tooth decay and periodontal disease, although its effectiveness depends on brushing technique; currently, there is no standard brushing technique consistently recommended by dental organizations or even by oral health experts, Vernon said.
The study was co-authored by Rooban Thavarajah, professor of oral and maxillofacial pathology/ microbiology at Ragas Dental College & Hospital in Chennai, India; Arunachalam Mohandoss Anusa, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute in Nellikuppam, India; and Theodore Walls, an associate professor at and co-director of Center for Health Monitoring and Intervention Behavioral Science in Kingston, RI.
In other research, Vernon explores the link between cardiovascular disease and periodontal disease in HIV-positive adults. His future research involves a prevention-focused coaching approach to promote oral health.